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Cecily Neville, Duchess of York
Cecily Neville, Duchess of York (3 May 1415 – 31 May 1495)〔http://www.r3.org/basics/basic6.html〕 was an English noblewoman, the wife of Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York, and the mother of two Kings of England, Edward IV and Richard III. Cecily Neville was known as "the Rose of Raby", because she was born at Raby Castle in Durham, and "Proud Cis", because of her pride and a temper that went with it, although she was also known for her piety. She herself signed her name "Cecylle".
Her husband, the Duke of York, was the leading contender for the throne of England from the House of York during the period of the War of the Roses until his death in 1460. His son Edward, Earl of March, actually assumed the throne as Edward IV in 1461, after the deposition of King Henry VI of the House of Lancaster. The Duchess of York thus narrowly missed becoming queen consort of England.〔Alison J Spedding. ''At the King's Pleasure: The Testament of Cecily Neville'', University of Birmingham. Midland History, Vol 35, No 2, 2010. pg 256-72.〕 However, in 1477, following the marriage of her grandson Richard of York, the duchess was accorded the title ''Queen of right'' after using the title of ''Cecily, the king's mother and late wife unto Richard in right king of England and of France and lord of Ireland'' since 1464.〔Joanna Laynesmith. ''The Kings' Mother'', History today. 56, no. 3, (2006): 38〕〔William Henry Black, ''(Illustrations of ancient state and chivalry from manuscripts preserved in the Ashmolean museum )'', 1840, p29〕
==Family==
Cecily Neville was a daughter of Ralph Neville, 1st Earl of Westmorland, and Joan Beaufort, Countess of Westmorland. Her paternal grandparents were John Neville, 3rd Baron Neville de Raby, and the Hon. Maud Percy, daughter of Henry de Percy, 2nd Baron Percy. Her maternal grandparents were John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster, and his third wife Katherine Swynford. John of Gaunt was the third surviving son of King Edward III of England and Philippa of Hainault. By her mother, Cecily was a niece of King Henry IV of England.
She was the aunt of Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick, one of the leading peers and military commanders of his generation, a grand-aunt of Queen consort Anne Neville, and a great-great-grand-aunt of Queen consort Catherine Parr, sixth wife of her great-grandson, King Henry VIII.
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